Unit I: Structure of Indian Society
• Introducing Indian Society: Colonialism, Nationalism, Class, and Community
• Demographic Structure
• Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions
Unit II: Social Institutions: Continuity and Change
• Family and Kinship
• The Caste System
• Tribal Society
• The Market as a Social Institution
Unit III: Social Inequality and Exclusion
• Caste Prejudice, Scheduled Castes, and Other Backward Classes
• The marginalization of Tribal Communities
• The Struggle for Women’s Equality
• The Protection of Religious Minorities
• Caring for the Differently Abled
Unit IV: The Challenges of Unity in Diversity
• Problems of Communalism, Regionalism, Casteism, and Patriarchy
• Role of the State in a Plural, and Unequal Society
• What We Share
Unit V: Process of Social Change in India
• Process of Structural Change: Colonialism, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
• Process of Cultural Change: Modernization, Westernisation, Sanskritisation, Secularisation
• Social Reform Movements and Laws
Unit VI: Social Change and the Polity
• The Constitution as an instrument of Social Change
• Parties, Pressure Groups, and Democratic Politics
• Panchayati Raj and the Challenges of Social Transformation
Unit VII: Social Change and the Economy
• Land Reforms, the Green Revolution, and Agrarian Society
• From Planned Industrialisation to Liberalisation
• Changes in the Class Structure
Unit VIII: Arenas of Social Change
• Media and Social Change
• Globalization and Social Change
Unit IX: New Arenas of Social Change
• Media and Social Change
• Globalization and Social Change
Unity X: Social Movements
• Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants
• Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses
• Women’s Movements in Independent India
• Tribal Movements
• Environmental Movements
Unit I: Variations in Psychological Attributes
The unit aims at studying how people differ with respect to their various psychological attributes. Individual differences in human functioning; Assessment of psychological attributes; Intelligence: Individual differences in intelligence; Theories of intelligence; Culture and intelligence; Special abilities: Aptitude — nature, and measurement; Creativity; Emotional intelligence.
Unit II: Self and Personality
This unit focuses on the study of self and personality in the context of different approaches in an effort to appraise the person. The assessment of personality will also be discussed. self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-regulation; Culture and self; Concept of personality; Major approaches — Type and Trait, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Behavioural, Cultural; Assessment of personality: Self-report measures, behavioural analysis, and projective measures.
Unit III: Meeting Life Challenges
This unit deals with the nature of stress and how responses to stress depend on an individual’s appraisal of stressors. Strategies to cope with stress will also be dealt with.
Nature, types and sources of stress; Effects on psychological functioning and health; Coping
with stress; Promoting positive health and well-being.
Unit IV: Psychological Disorders
This unit discusses the concepts of normality and abnormality and the major psychological disorders. Concepts of abnormality and psychological disorders; Classification of disorders; Factorsunderlying abnormal behaviour; Major psychological disorders – Anxiety, Somatic, Dissociative, Mood, Schizophrenic, Developmental and Behavioural-Substance use related.
Unit V: Therapeutic Approaches
The unit discusses the goals, techniques, and effectiveness of different approaches to treating psychological disorders.
Nature and process of therapy: Therapeutic relationship; Types of therapies: Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Cognitive, Behaviour and Bio-medical; Alternative therapies — Yoga, Meditation; Rehabilitation of mentally ill.
Unit VI: Attitude and Social Cognition
This unit focuses on the formation and change of attitudes, cultural influences on attributional tendencies, and conditions influencing pro-social behaviour. Explaining social behaviour: Impression formation and explaining behaviour of others through attributions; Social cognition; Schemas and stereotypes; Nature and components of attitudes; Attitude formation and change; Behaviour in the presence of others; Pro-social behaviour; Prejudice and discrimination; Strategies for handling prejudice.
Unit VII: Social Influence and Group Processes
The unit deals with the concept of the group, its functions, and the dynamics of social influence on conformity, obedience, and compliance. Different conflict resolution strategies will also be discussed. Conformity, Obedience, and Compliance; Cooperation and Competition; Nature and formation of groups; Types of groups; Social identity; Influence of the group on individual behaviour; Inter-group conflicts; Conflict resolution strategies.
Unit VIII: Psychology and Life
The unit focuses on the application of psychological understanding to some important social issues. Human-environment relationship; Environmental effects on human behaviour: Noise, pollution, crowding, natural disasters; Promoting pro-environmental behaviour; Psychology and social concerns: Aggression, Violence, and Peace, Discrimination and Poverty, health, the impact of television on behaviour.
Unit IX: Developing Psychological Skills
The unit deals with some effective psychological and interpersonal skills for facilitating personal-social development. Effective psychological skills: Observational skills, Interviewing skills, Testing skills, Counselling skills — empathy, authenticity, positive regard, and Communication skills — listening.
Politics in India Since Independence
Contemporary World Politics
Politics in India Since Independence
Principles and Functions of Management
Unit I: Nature and Significance of Management
Unit II: Principles of Management
Unit III: Business Environment
reference to the adoption of the policies of liberalization privatization, and globalization.
Unit IV: Planning
Unit V: Organising
Unit VI: Staffing
Unit VII: Directing
– Supervision – meaning and importance
– Motivation – meaning and importance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Financial
and non-financial incentives.
– Leadership – meaning, importance; qualities of a good leader.
– Communication – meaning and importance, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication.
Unit VIII: Controlling
Business Finance and Marketing
Unit IX: Business Finance
Unit X: Financial Markets
Unit XI: Marketing
– Product – nature, classification, branding, labeling, and packaging
– Physical distribution: meaning, role; Channels of distribution, – meaning, types, factors, determining the choice of channels.
– Promotion – meaning and role, promotion mix, Role of Advertising and personal selling; objections to Advertising.
– Price: factors influencing pricing.
Unit XII: Consumer Protection
Unit XIII: Entrepreneurship Development
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Unit I: Human Geography: Nature and Scope
Unit II: People
Unit III: Human Activities
Unit IV: Transport, Communication and Trade
Unit V: Human Settlements
India: People and Economy
Unit I: People
Unit II: Human Settlements
Unit III: Resources and Development (Periods 30)
Unit IV: Transport, Communication and International Trade
Unit V: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations and Partnership Firms
Unit I: Accounting Not-for-Profit Organisation
Unit II: Accounting for Partnership
Unit III: Reconstitution of Partnership
Changes in profit sharing ratio among the existing partners – Sacrificing ratio and Gaining ratio.
Unit IV: Dissolution of Partnership Firm
Company Accounts and Financial Statement Analysis
Unit V: Accounting for Share and Debenture Capital
Unit VI: Analysis of Financial Statements
Types of ratios:
Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio, Liquidity ratio.
Solvency Ratio: Debt to equity, Total assets to debt, Proprietary ratio.
Activity Ratio: Inventory turnover, Debtors turnover, Payables turnover, Working capital turnover, Fixed assets turnover, Current assets turnover.
Profitability Ratio: Gross profit, Operating ratio, Net profit ratio, Return on Investment, Earning per Share, Dividend per Share, Profit Earning ratio.
Unit VII: Statement of Changes in Financial Position
Computerized Accounting System
Unit I: Overview of Computerised Accounting System
Unit II: Using Computerised Accounting System
Unit III: Accounting Using Database Management System (DBMS)
Unit IV: Accounting Applications of Electronic Spreadsheet
Unit I: Introduction to Microeconomics
Unit II: Consumer Behaviour and Demand
Unit III: National Income and Related Aggregates — Basic Concepts and Measurement
Unit IV: Determination of Income and Employment
Unit V: Money and Banking
Unit VI: Government Budget and the Economy
Unit VII: Balance of Payments
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Unit VI I I : Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991
A brief introduction of the state of the Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian
economic system and common goals of Five year Plans.
Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural
strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.
Unit IX: Current challenges facing the Indian Economy
Poverty – absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment;
Human Capital Formation – How many people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development;
Rural development: Key issues – credit and marketing – role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification;
Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies
Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Cases Studies: Health: Problems and Policies – A critical assessment;
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming
Unit X: Development Experience of India
Unit I: The Story of the First Cities Harappan Archaeology
Broad overview: Early urban centres.
Story of discovery: Harappan civilization.
Excerpt: Archaeological report on a major site. Discussion: how it has been utilized by archaeologists/ historians.
Unit II: Political and Economic History: How Inscriptions tell a story
Broad overview: Political and economic history from the Mauryan to the Gupta period.
Story of discovery: Inscriptions and the decipherment of the script. Shifts in the understanding of political and economic history.
Excerpt: Asokan inscription and Gupta period land grant.
Discussion: Interpretation of inscriptions by historians.
Unit III: Social Histories using the Mahabharata
Broad overview: Issues in social history, including caste, class, kinship and gender.
Story of discovery: Transmission and publications of the Mahabharata.
Excerpt: From the Mahabharata, illustrating how it has been used by historians.
Unit IV: A History of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa
Broad overview:
(a) A brief review of religious histories of Vedic religion, Jainism, Vaisnavism, Saivism.
(b) Focus on Buddhism.
Story of discovery: Sanchi stupa.
Excerpt: Reproduction of sculptures from Sanchi. Discussion: Ways in which sculpture has been interpreted by historians, other sources for reconstructing the history of Buddhism.
Unit V: Medieval society through Travellers’ Accounts
Broad Overview: Outline of social and cultural life as they appear in travellers’ accounts.
Story of their writings: A discussion of where they travelled, why they travelled, what they wrote, and
For whom they wrote.
Excerpts: from Alberuni, Ibn Batuta, Bernier.
Discussion: What these travel accounts can tell us and how they have been interpreted by historians.
Unit VI: Religious Histories: The Bhakti-Sufi Tradition
Broad Overview:
(a) Outline of religious developments during this period.
(b) Ideas and practices of the Bhakti-Sufi saints.
Story of Transmission: How Bhakti-Sufi compositions have been preserved.
Excerpt: Extracts from selected Bhakti Sufi works.
Discussion: Ways in which these have been interpreted by historians.
Unit VII: New Architecture: Hampi
Broad Overview:
(a) Outline of new buildings during Vijayanagar period — temples, forts, irrigation facilities.
(b) Relationship between architecture and the political system.
Story of Discovery: Account of how Hampi was found.
Excerpt: Visuals of buildings at Hampi.
Discussion: Ways in which historians have analysed and interpreted these structures.
Unit VIII: Agrarian Relations :The Ain-i- Akbari
Broad overview:
(a) Structure of agrarian relations in the 16th and 17th centuries.
(b) Patterns of change over the period.
Story of Discovery: Account of the compilation and translation of Ain-i-Akbari.
Excerpt: From the Ain-i-Akbari
Discussion: Ways in which historians have used the text to reconstruct history.
Unit IX: The Mughal Court: Reconstructing Histories through Chronicles
Broad Overview:
(a) Outline of political history c. 15th-17th centuries.
(b) Discussion of the Mughal court and politics.
Story of Discovery: Account of the production of court chronicles, and their subsequent translation and transmission.
Excerpts: from the Akbarnama and Padshahnama.
Discussion: Ways in which historians have used the texts to reconstruct political histories.
Unit X: Colonialism and Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports
Broad overview:
(a) Life of zamindars, peasants and artisans in the late 18th century.
(b) East India Company, revenue settlements and surveys.
(c) Changes over the nineteenth century.
Story of official records: An account of why official investigations into rural societies were undertaken and the
types of records and reports produced.
Excerpts: From Firminger’s Fifth Report, Accounts of Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, and Deccan Riots Report. Discussion: What the official records tell and do not tell, and how they have been used by historians.
Unit XI: Representations of 1857
Broad Overview:
(a) The events of 1857-58.
(b) How these events were recorded and narrated.
Focus: Lucknow.
Excerpts: Pictures of 1857. Extracts from contemporary accounts.
Discussion: How the pictures of 1857 shaped British opinion of what had happened.
Unit XII: Colonialism and Indian Towns: Town Plans and Municipal Reports
Broad Overview: The growth of Mumbai, Chennai, hill stations and cantonments in the 18th and 19th century.
Excerpts: Photographs and paintings. Plans of cities. Extract form town plan reports. Focus on Kolkata town planning.
Discussion: How the above sources can be used to reconstruct the history of towns. What these sources do not reveal.
Unit XIII: Mahatma Gandhi through Contemporary Eyes
Broad Overview:
(a) The nationalist movement 1918-48,
(b) The nature of Gandhian politics and leadership.
Focus: Mahatma Gandhi in 1931.
Excerpts: Reports from English and Indian language newspapers and other contemporary writings.
Discussion: How newspapers can be a source of history.
Unit XIV: Partition through Oral Sources
Broad Overview:
(a) The history of the 1940s;
(b) Nationalism, Communalism and Partition.
Focus: Punjab and Bengal.
Excerpts: Oral testimonies of those who experienced partition.
Discussion: Ways in which these have been analysed to reconstruct the history of the event.
Unit XV: The Making of the Constitution
Broad Overview:
(a) Independence and the new nation state.
(b) The making of the Constitution.
Focus: The Constitutional Assembly debates.
Excerpts: From the debates.
Discussion: What such debates reveal and how they can be analyzed.